The Website of Dynasties out of Europe 

The Reference Website ...
ALMANACH DE BRUXELLES, created in 1996, is the reference website of dynasties out of Europe (L'ALMANACH DE BRUXELLES, créé en 1996, est le site de référence
des dynasties en dehors de l'Europe
).

What you get ...
- 2,690 dynasties, many of them not recorded elsewhere (2.690 dynasties, beaucoup d'entre elles introuvables ailleurs);
- 3,158 screen pages, updated and expanded every day (3.158 pages-écran, modifiées et étendues chaque jour);
- the history and traditions of your region, if you were born or live in Africa, the Americas, Asia or the Pacific (l'histoire et les traditions de votre pays ou région, si vous êtes né en Afrique, en Amérique, en Asie
et dans le Pacifique
).

Subscribe and Contribute ...
- Just click on Subscribe or Search any of the dynasties, countries or areas (Alphabetical Search) or on any word (full text indexed search) (Choisissez Subscribe ou dans Search une des dynasties,
pays ou région, par ordre alphabétique, Alphabetical Search ou par mot, Indexed Search
);
- Members of the royal families covered who contribute information will receive three months free access (Les membres des familles royales concernées qui envoient des informations à l'ALMANACH DE
BRUXELLES
reçoivent trois mois d'accès gratuit).

And Get More ...
- In addition to the 1,090+ kingdoms and principalities of India, Pakistan, Indonesia and East Timor;
- On the surnames of the historical families of Afghanistan;
- On the surnames of the historical families of Azerbaijan;
- Who is the heir to Pu Yi, the Last Emperor of China;
- On the surnames of the families related to the Royal Family of Egypt;
- On the surnames of the families related to the Imperial Family of Ethiopia;
- The complete list of the Caliphs, successors of Prophet Muhammad, and of the Shia Imams;
- A situation of the Zand, Kadjar and Pahlavi dynasties of Iran;
- Who would be the King of Iraq if monarchy was restored;
- Most of the tribes of Iraq, a key to understand the situation today;
- An essay on the three dynasties of Mexico: Moctezuma, Iturbide and Habsbourg;
- The most important Emirates and polities of Nigeria;
- The Sultanates of the Philippines;
- The former Khanates of Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan;
- All the chiefdoms of Sierra Leone;
- The Shan states of Burma, Cambodia, China, Laos and Thailand;
- And much more ...

And Also in the Glossary ...
- The Orders and Decorations of the world;
- The Titles and Styles used;
- An Instant World Royal and Princely Family Name Recognizer;
- The descendants of Prophet Muhammad (open to registration) ...

And Our Special Reports on ...

Africa:
A UNIQUE REVIEW OF THE EXISTING TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
THE UNITED NATIONS: MORE TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN AFRICA


Arab names: ARAB FIRST NAMES
HOW TO SPELL THE ARAB NAMES IN ENGLISH ?


Austria: THE MANY TITLES OF BLESSED CHARLES I, EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA AND KING OF HUNGARY AND BOHEMIA

HABSBURG CROWN PRINCE OTTO OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE MOST VISIONARY ROYAL PRETENDER

Belarus: WHY IS BELARUS A DIFFERENT COUNTRY FROM RUSSIA ?

Belgium: NOBILITY AND TRADITIONAL FAMILIES IN BELGIAN POLITICS
THE SYMBOLS OF BELGIUM

WHY THE MONARCHY IS THE ESSENCE OF BELGIUM AND WHY BELGIUM WILL NEVER BE SPLIT IN TWO/La monarchie est l'essence de la Belgique et
voici pourquoi la Belgique ne sera jamais divisée en deux

RECURRENT SCOOP AND HISTORICAL ABSURDITY: BELGIAN KING LEOPOLD II'S "GENOCIDE" IN CONGO

Brazil: NOBILITY IN BRAZIL

Charlemagne: THE DESCENDANTS OF CHARLEMAGNE


China: NOBILITY TITLES IN CHINA
IS THERE STILL A HEREDITARY NOBILITY IN COMMUNIST CHINA? Y A-T-IL ENCORE UNE NOBLESSE HEREDITAIRE DANS LA CHINE COMMUNISTE?
THE HEREDITY OF THE CHINESE EMPEROR AS COMPARED WITH THE HEREDITY OF ALIEN CHINESE TRIBAL LEADERS
HOW IS TODAY'S CHINA COMPARABLE TO THE MING DYNASTY'S CHINA ? WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF THE YUAN CHINESE CURRENCY?


Commonwealth: THE COMMONWEALTH, THE LARGEST CONCENTRATION OF KINGDOMS OF THE WORLD


Congo: RECURRENT SCOOP AND HISTORICAL ABSURDITY: BELGIAN KING LEOPOLD II'S "GENOCIDE" IN CONGO


Elite
: THE OLDEST ELITE CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN THE WORLD
QUOTATIONS OF THE ELITE
THE BEST VIVID DESCRIPTION OF BRITISH UPPER-CLASS NOBILITY, ACCORDING TO JULIAN FELLOWES' SNOBS

Ethiopia: ETHIOPIAN NOBILITY TITLES

Etiquette: E-MAIL ETIQUETTE
ETIQUETTE, HOW TO ADDRESS AND WRITE TO ROYALS
ETIQUETTE AND PRECEDENCE
MULTICULTURAL ETIQUETTE: HOW TO ADDRESS A MARRIED WIFE IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES

ETIQUETTE: HOW TO ADDRESS MARRIED WOMEN IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES/Comment s'adresser aux femmes mariées dans plusieurs pays
ETIQUETTE: A FEW TIPS TO BE SURE YOU DO NOT MISS ONE STEP IN THE SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL LADDER/Savoir-vivre: Quelques petits conseils afin que vous ne ratiez pas un
échelon de l'échelle sociale et professionnelle

RELIGIOUS ETIQUETTE: HOW TO BEHAVE IN CHURCHES, TEMPLES, SYNAGOGUES AND MOSQUES
WESTERN ETIQUETTE: INTRODUCTION, THE MOST CRUCIAL MOMENT TO GET TO KNOW SOMEBODY
A FEW ANECDOTICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF WESTERN ETIQUETTE

A FEW UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN ETIQUETTE

Europe: THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE: SIMILITUDES, DIFFERENCES AND FUTURE

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: NOBILITY AND TRADITIONAL FAMILIES

France: WHO WILL BE THE NEXT KING OF FRANCE ?
THE TITLE OF PRINCE IN FRANCE

NOBILITY TITLES IN FRANCE/LES TITRES DE NOBLESSE EN FRANCE
THE SOVEREIGN POLITIES CREATED BY FRENCH EMPEROR NAPOLEON FOR HIS RELATIVES AND FRIENDS

ROYAL PRESIDENTS OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC/La royauté des présidents de la République française

THE EXTENDED FAMILY OF THE FRENCH PRESIDENT, NICOLAS SARKOZY (DE  NAGY-BOCSA): UPDATE/LA FAMILLE ET LES LIENS DIRECTS ET INDIRECTS DE PARENTE DU PRESIDENT DE
LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE, NICOLAS SARKOZY (DE NAGY-BOCSA)


NOBILITY AND TRADITIONAL FAMILIES IN FRENCH ELECTIONS
FRENCH NOBILITY AND TRADITIONAL FAMILIES IN ALL FRENCH WINES
THE OLD HISTORICAL NAMES OF FRANCE

THE 200-YEAR ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION OF FRANCE IS IMPOSSIBLE TO MEMORIZE by Schoolchildren, Visitors and Most of Us, LET US RENAME MOST
OF THE 100 DEPARTEMENTS and Some of the Regions ACCORDING TO
FRANCE'S HISTORY

 

India: INDIAN NOBILITY TITLES
THE GOLD COINS OF INDIA BEFORE AND DURING THE BRITISH RULE

Japan: THE FORMER JAPANESE TITLED NOBILITY, AN INDEX OF SURNAMES AND BIOGRAPHIES 1880-1947

Luxembourg: FIVE GENERATIONS OF ANCESTORS OF H.R.H. THE LATE GRAND DUCHESS JOSEPHINE-CHARLOTTE OF LUXEMBOURG
THE 118 DESCENDANTS OF H.R.H. GRAND-DUCHESS CHARLOTTE OF LUXEMBOURG (in French)/Les 118 descendants de S.A.R. la Grande-Duchesse Charlotte de Luxembourg
IS THERE A NOBILITY IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG? LA NOBLESSE EXISTE-T-ELLE AU GRAND-DUCHE DE LUXEMBOURG?


Malaysia: NOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

Mauritius: THE MORE THAN 110 ARISTOCRATIC FRENCH FAMILIES WHO SETTLED IN MAURITIUS AND REUNION/LES 110 FAMILLES ARISTOCRATIQUES
FRANCAISES QUI SE SONT ETABLIES A L'ILE MAURICE ET LA REUNION


Monaco: THE SOVEREIGN PRINCE OF MONACO, THE MOST TITLED RULER IN THE WORLD

Monarchy: MONARCHY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

WHY MONARCHIES ARE THE MOST STABLE AND FREE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD/
Les monarchies sont les pays les plus stables et
les plus libres dans le monde

THE ECONOMICS OF MONARCHIES: HOW DID MONARCHIES COPE WITH THE 2008 DEPRESSION ?
DO KINGS DESCEND FROM GODS AND, IF SO, DO WE ALL DESCEND FROM GODS ?
EAST MEETS WEST, HOW TO LINK WESTERN ROYALS TO THE EAST. Les liens entre les dynasties européennes et l'Orient
THE SUCCESSION RULES IN MONARCHIES
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE KINGS TO OUR VOCABULARY


Montenegro: THE NOBLE ACTION OF H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF MONTENEGRO IN THE RESTORATION OF THE KINGDOM'S HISTORICAL PAST, ENVIRONMENT AND
URBANISM


Muslims: TITLES IN THE MUSLIM WORLD
THE BEAUTIFUL NAMES OF THE MUSLIM WOMEN AND THEIR MEANING


Nobility: WHAT IS NOBILITY TODAY ? A NEW DEFINITION
COUNTRIES AND DYNASTIES GRANTING OR RECOGNIZING NOBILITY TODAY/Les pays et dynasties qui concèdent ou reconnaissent la noblesse aujourd’hui
THE STATUS OF NOBILITY IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES
THE BEST VIVID DESCRIPTION OF BRITISH UPPER-CLASS NOBILITY, ACCORDING TO JULIAN FELLOWES' SNOBS

THE CONTRIBUTION OF ROYALTY AND NOBILITY TO INVENTIONS
THE BEST MODERN SOURCES ON ROYALTY AND NOBILITY

Numismatics: ROYAL PRETENDERS AND NUMISMATICS
FANTASY ROYALTY AND NUMISMATICS



Olympics: THE PRESIDENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE


Orders & Decorations: WHAT ARE THE LEGITIMATE HONORIFIC ORDERS ?
HOW TO WEAR DECORATIONS

MOST IMPORTANT REFERENCE BOOK: The WORLD ORDER OF KNIGHTHOOD & MERIT, edited by Guy STAIR SAINTY and Rafal HEYDEL-MANKOO at Burke's Peerage & Gentry/UN LIVRE DE
REFERENCE TRES IMPORTANT: Le WORLD ORDER OF KNIGHTHOOD & MERIT, publié par Guy STAIR SAINTY et Rafal HEYDEL-MANKOO chez Burke's Peerage & Gentry


Pakistan: THE ELITE IN PAKISTAN STAMPS


Poland: THE NOBILITY IN POLAND, MONARCHIST OR REPUBLICAN ?

Portugal: NOBILITY IN PORTUGAL

Religion: RELIGION: THE WORLD'S TOP SPIRITUAL LEADERS LIST
RELIGION: THE LARGEST EVER INTERNATIONAL INTERRELIGIOUS GATHERING, THE FUNERALS OF POPE JOHN PAUL II
RELIGIOUS ETIQUETTE: HOW TO BEHAVE IN CHURCHES, TEMPLES, SYNAGOGUES AND MOSQUES

WAS JESUS A ROYAL PRETENDER ?

Réunion: THE MORE THAN 110 ARISTOCRATIC FRENCH FAMILIES WHO SETTLED IN MAURITIUS AND REUNION/LES 110 FAMILLES ARISTOCRATIQUES
FRANCAISES QUI SE SONT ETABLIES A L'ILE MAURICE ET LA REUNION


Royals: CELEBRITY MEETS ROYALTY

EAST MEETS WEST, HOW TO LINK WESTERN ROYALS TO THE EAST/Les liens entre les dynasties européennes et l'Orient
DOES ROYALTY MARRY ROYALTY ANYMORE?

DOES ROYALTY QUALIFY TO GET IN FORBES' RICHEST PEOPLE?


FORBES 2006 WORLD RICHEST PEOPLE IN ROYALTY AND NOBILITY/Les milliardaires de Forbes appartenant à la noblesse en 2006
ROYAL PRETENDERS AND NUMISMATICS
FANTASY ROYALTY AND NUMISMATICS

ROMAN NUMERALS AFTER THE NAME: DOES IT MEAN DEALING WITH ROYALS? Des chiffres romains après un nom, s'agit-il de membres du Gotha ?
ROYAL STYLES
ETIQUETTE, HOW TO ADDRESS AND WRITE TO ROYALS

THE CONTRIBUTION OF ROYALTY AND PRINCELY FAMILIES TO UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE CENTERS
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ROYALTY AND NOBILITY TO INVENTIONS

THE BEST MODERN SOURCES ON ROYALTY AND NOBILITY

Thailand: ROYAL AND NOBILITY TITLES IN THAILAND

Turkey: THE MAIN LEGACY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE : THE MILLET
WHY TURKEY IS A EUROPEAN COUNTRY

Ukraine
: HOW IS UKRAINE A DIFFERENT COUNTRY FROM RUSSIA ?

USA: ARE THE US PRESIDENTS, INCLUDING REELECTED 43rd PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH, A KIND OF DYNASTY ?
NOBILITY IN THE USA

 

How is the information presented?
For most of the dynasties, you will find the following information:

  • Brief story of the country or sub-country
  • Sources
  • Dynasty
  • Religion
  • Qualifications and titles
    * Dynasty Head,
    * Heir,
    * Dynasty Members.
  • Laws and decrees (including Family House Rules) governing the qualifications and titles
  • Succession
  • Orders and decorations
  • Glossary
  • Dynasty Head
  • Children
  • Brothers and sisters
  • Dynasty members
  • Predecessors

Orthograph:
The language used is English: surnames and first names recorded in French, Italian, Spanish, etc. in official records however are mentioned as such.

Difficulties may arise for names translated from languages using different alphabets such as Arabic and Chinese: is the correct name Abdulaziz, Abdul Aziz or Abd al Aziz ?

We have adopted as much as possible the most recent orthograph used by the family and rejected any standardization of the spelling of surnames and first names.

Contents:
All the information is derived from sources mentioned in each section or from information contributed by our Committee Members and by numerous visitors of our website.

The following rules have been adopted:
- grass letters have been used for the given name and surname of all living dynasts, and in the Predecessors section, for the main name of the ruler;
- no address has been provided for privacy or security reasons, except for the palaces of ruling dynasties: when found, the cities and countries of individual entries have been indicated;
- if an individual is indicated without being married while father or mother of children, it does not mean that the children are illegitimate, it means that the name of the mother of of the
father is not available: same observation for missing death dates, education references, etc.

Titles and Style:
Styles
are today very much in use: most of the government ministers of the 190+ countries of the world are qualified HE (His Excellency).

For members of the dynasties, the Editor follows closely the Almanach de Gotha, as the reference of all these modern styles.

The translation of titles faces the following difficulties:

- heredity may be a different concept from today's hereditary rules in Western countries: how is it possible to translate precisely a Manchu Fng ng Chiang Chun (the 12th degree of declining
nobility in the Chinese Imperial Family) ?

- an Arab Emir, if hereditary, is translated as a Prince. An Arab Shaikh is not translated.

- colonial powers did not want to translate titles at their present value: for the British Empire, a Maharajadhiraj was not a King of Kings, a Maharaja was not a Great King and a Raja was not
a King. The King of Lesotho was a Paramount Chief: when gaining full independance, the Maharajas of Bhutan, of Nepal and of Sikkim became Kings. Lesotho and Swaziland became
Kingdoms.

- polygamy also brings different problems. There are 5,000 members of the Saudi Royal Family: are they all entitled to the qualification of Royal Highness and to the title of Prince(ss) ?

As one distinguished member of an African royal family stated, "half the country's people are royals".

All the original titles, when not translated, are in italic letters.

The Editor did not want to align the names to the Western custom of adding a first name to a family name.

Names are therefore rendered according to public registrations and/or to national custom: for example, a member of the Chinese imperial family did not need to bear his family name (Aisin
Gioro or, in Pinyin, Aixinzhueluo) before the Communist revolution.

Family names sometime precede the first names (for example, HRH Pce Norodom Sirivudh).

Name handles (such as de, al, ibn, bin...) are rendered in small letters, except in Arabic surname equivalents (for example, Al Saud): dashes and apostrophes have been often eliminated.

African tribe and clan names: when a tribe or a clan did not settle in a place that was named after the tribe of the clan, the tribe or clan name has been kept in its plural form (for example,
the Bakalaka in Botswana). For large ethnic states, the African name of the state has been preferred (for example, Buganda).


Copyright 1996-2013. All rights reserved. No copies may be made without the express written content of the Editor that shall be obtained by e-mail in the FEEDBACK.